VI. Göttinger Freilandtage
Primate Behavior and Human Universals
December 11 - 14, 2007
General information
The Göttinger Freilandtage is a bi-annual international conference on timely topics in primate behaviour, ecology and evolution organised by the Department of Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology at the German Primate Centre (Deutsches Primatenzentrum). This meeting differs from many other conferences in that (1) one topic is comprehensively analysed from different perspectives, (2) leading experts focus on this topic for several days, and (3) there is plenty of time for formal and informal discussion. To achieve these goals, these meetings mainly feature presentations by invited speakers, but opportunities for contributed talks and poster presentations are provided as well.
Scientific framework
The idea for this meeting dates back to the publication of the chimpanzee genome in 2005. Comparison with the human genome revealed that the two species differ in only about 1% of the coding bases that can be aligned in the two data sets. This means that a relatively small number of genetic differences provide the blueprint for the anatomical, physiological and behavioural traits that makes us human. What exactly these human universals are, particularly in the social, cultural, emotional and cognitive domains of our behaviour, and whether or not they have a genetic basis, has remained controversial, however. Moreover, there is increasing evidence from human behavioural ecology that many human behavioural adaptations for survival and reproduction follow basic evolutionary principles, whose effects are also exhibited by chimpanzees and the other members of the primate lineage. Human behaviour can therefore be constructively analysed by focusing on both sides of the coin, potential universals as well as general adaptations resulting from natural, sexual and kin selection that should also be evident in other primates.
This conference therefore aims to bring together primatologists, evolutionary anthropologists and psychologists to summarise our current state of knowledge concerning behavioural variation and its determinants within the order Primates, including humans. Specifically, it will focus on three aspects: (1) comparative studies of behavioural adaptations across (human and non-human) primates that examine evolutionary principles, (2) the ability and failures of evolutionary theory to explain human behavioural traits that affect survival and reproduction, and (3) to identify and explain human behavioural universals.
The core of the conference is organised in such a way that a pair of plenary speakers will address salient aspects of social behaviour from a primate and human perspective, respectively. The conference will also be open to a limited number of shorter contributed papers (and posters) on these topics. We therefore invite all those interested in primate and human reproduction, life history, intergroup and prosocial behaviour, cognition, communication and culture to attend our conference either as a discussant or as an author of an oral or poster presentation on one of these topics.
Scientific Program
Tuesday, 11. 12. 2007
| 16:00 | Arrival and registration (Paulinerkirche, Papendiek 14) |
| 18:00 | The history of the Pauliner Church Silke Glitsch (Universität Göttingen) |
| 18:05 | Mind the gap: Primate origins of human nature Carel van Schaik (Universität Zürich, Switzerland) |
| 19:30 | Reception by the city of Göttingen at the historic town hall (Altes Rathaus) Katharina Lankeit (Mayor of Götttingen) Stefan Treue (Scientific Director, Deutsches Primatenzentrum) Stefan Schulz-Hardt (Dean of the Biology Faculty, Universität Göttingen) |
Wednesday, 12. 12. 2007
| 8:30 | Conference introduction (Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg) Peter Kappeler (Universität Göttingen & Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Germany) |
| Chair: Carel van Schaik | |
| 8:45 | Intergroup aggression in primates and humans: the case for a unified theory Richard Wrangham (Harvard University, USA) |
| 9:30 | Why war: motivations for fighting in the human state of nature and after the onset of cultural co-evolution Azar Gat (Tel Aviv University, Israel) |
| 10:15 | Morning coffee & tea |
| Chair: Dorothy Cheney | |
| 10:45 | Primate social cognition Michael Tomasello (MPI EvA, Leipzig, Germany) |
| 11:30 | Maternal effects in the development and evolution of social cognition David Bjorklund (Florida Atlantic University, USA) |
| 12:15 | General intelligence in non-human primates Simon Reader (Utrecht University, Netherlands) |
| 12:35 | Macachiavellian intelligence: How rhesus macaques and humans have conquered the world Dario Maestripieri (University of Chicago, USA) |
| 12:55 | Lunch |
| Chair: Michael Tomasello | |
| 14:00 | The evolutionary origins of human patience Jeffrey Stevens (MPI Human Development, Berlin, Germany) |
| 14:20 | Dual process theories of moral judgment and the evolution of morality Luke Glowacki (University of Utah & Harvard University, USA) |
| 14:40 | Chimpanzee empathy, pro-sociality and consolation- what is chimpanzee empathy like? Sonja Koski (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK) |
| 15:00 | The social uses of shaming in historical societies - a cross-cultural study on conflict, cooperation, and emotion Joerg Wettlaufer (Universität Kiel, Germany) |
| 15:20 | Afternoon coffee & tea with Poster Demonstrations |
| Chair: Richard Wrangham | |
| 16:00 | Understanding others' relationships - social intelligence in monkeys and apes Roman Wittig & Catherine Crockford (University of Pennsylvania, USA) |
| 16:20 | Social learning among wild orangutans Adrian Jaeggi & Carel van Schaik (Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland) |
| 16:40 | Why scientists cannot agree about human behavioural universals, what animal cartoons can tell us, and some suggestions as to when and why fundamental human differences evolved Charles Whitehead (University College London, UK) |
| 17:00 | The logic of self-deception Robert Trivers (Rutgers University, USA) |
Thursday, 13. 12. 2007
| Chair: Azar Gat | |
| 8:30 | Social knowledge as a precursor to language Dorothy Cheney (University of Pennsylvania, USA) |
| 9:15 | Ochre, language and the rule of law: a speculative reconstruction of the Middle Stone Age ‘human revolution’ Chris Knight (University of East London, London, UK) |
| 10:00 | Morning coffee & tea |
| Chair: Andrew Whiten | |
| 10:30 | Seeing red: the effects of colour on agonistic interactions in humans Robert Barton (Durham University, Durham, UK) |
| 10:50 | Monkeys see red too: sexual selection and red coloration in a non-human primate Joanna Setchell, Marie Charpentier, Leslie Knapp & Jean Wickings (Durham University, UK, Duke University, USA, Université de Montpellier, F, University of Cambridge, UK, CIRM, Franceville, Gabon) |
| 11:10 | Variation in alarm calls of sifakas: semantic shift in response to changing predation risk? Claudia Fichtel (Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany) |
| 11:30 | Tattling: pre-school children’s use of language to gain third-party support in peer conflicts Gordon Ingram (Queen’s University, Belfast, UK) |
| 11:50 | Humans and apes make friends differently: Implications for the evolutionary emergence of language Jean-Louis Dessalles (École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications, ParisTech, Paris, France) |
| 12:10 | Leg stretcher |
| 12:15 | The foundations and function of cooperation in primate groups Joan Silk (UCLA, USA) |
| 13:00 | Lunch |
| Chair: David Bjorklund | |
| 14:00 | Chimpanzees are rational maximizers in an ultimatum game Keith Jensen, Josep Call, Michael Tomasello (MPI Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany) |
| 14:20 | The evolution of human cooperation: ecological and intra-cultural variation in normative behaviour Shakti Lamba (University College, London, UK) |
| 14:40 | Prosociality in common marmosets: Explaining systematic variation Judith Burkart & Carel van Schaik (Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland) |
| 15:00 | Information can be free: Implications for recent developments in the evolution of altruism Joanna Bryson (Konrad Lorenz Institute, Altenberg, Austria) |
| 15:20 | That’s what friends are for: Friendship and tolerance to underbenefiting in humans and nonhuman primates Jorg Massen, Rita Smaniotto, Elisabeth Sterck & Henk de Vos (University of Groningen, University of Utrecht, Biomedical Research Center Rijswijk, Netherlands) |
| 15:40 | Afternoon coffee break |
| Chair: Laura Betzig | |
| 16:10 | Twins versus singletons: Litter size and reproductive strategies in males and females of small New World monkeys Gustl Anzenberger, Barbara Falk & Franziska Mattle (Universität Zürich, Switzerland) |
| 16:30 | Primate models of reproductive synchrony/desynchrony can explain differences between Neanderthals and modern humans Camilla Power (University of East London, UK) |
| 16:50 | Childhood stress but not parent-child relationships are consistently associated with reproductive development and timing in women David Coall (University of Basel, Switzerland) |
| 17:10 | Life history implications of mortality and fertility universals among humans Michael Gurven (UC Santa Barbara, USA) |
Friday, 14. 12. 2007
| Chair: Chris Knight | |
| 8:30 | Culture in primates Andrew Whiten (St. Andrews, UK) |
| 9:15 | Culture and human evolution Robert Boyd (UCLA, USA) |
| 10:00 | Morning coffee break |
| Chair: Joan Silk | |
| 10:30 | Time as a constraint on primate social ecology Robin Dunbar (University of Oxford, UK) |
| 11:15 | Social networks in monkeys, apes and humans Julia Lehmann & Robin Dunbar (Oxford University, Oxford, UK) |
| 11:35 | Similar processes underlie aberrant conflict management in aggressive primates and humans M Kempes, B Orobio de Castro & Elisabeth Sterck (Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands) |
| 11:55 | Variation in group decision-making and its determinants in non-human primates: insights from current baboon research Andrew King (Zoological Society & University College, London, UK) |
| 12:15 | Leg stretcher |
| 12:20 | Glucocorticoid and testosterone levels associated with friendship formation in wild olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) Marc Shur, Ryne Palombit, Patricia Whitten (Rutgers University & Emory University, USA). |
| 12:40 | Evolution of human social monogamy by maximisation of inclusive fitness Laura Fortunato & Marco Archetti (University College London; University of Oxford, UK) |
| 13:00 | Lunch |
| Chair: Michael Gurven | |
| 14:00 | Coming out of the kitchen: Why sex differences in humans are not universal Monique Borgerhoff Mulder (UC Davis, USA) |
| 14:45 | Bonding and conflict between the sexes: reproductive strategies in non-human primates Ryne Palombit (Rutgers University, USA) |
| 15:30 | Afternoon coffee break |
| Chair: Robin Dunbar | |
| 15:50 | The end of the republic Laura Betzig (Ann Arbor, USA) |
| 16:35 | Conference summary Carel van Schaik |
19:30 |
Party! |
Más información en: http://www.soziobio.uni-goettingen.de/welcome.html
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